Cases of pertussis, known as “whooping cough,” have increased in Yavapai County over the last few weeks, according to the county’s health department. Although cases remain low, staff have reported an increase in cases over the past several weeks.
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a serious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria. Highly contagious, it spreads through coughing and sneezing. The illness starts with mild, cold-like symptoms before evolving into a severe cough, which may lead to gagging or vomiting during coughing fits. Some children may exhibit a high-pitched “whoop” after coughing, which led to the disease’s common name; however, infants might not cough at all, and some teens and adults may not produce a “whoop.” Vaccinated individuals may experience milder symptoms but can still contract and spread pertussis. Pertussis can cause serious complications, particularly in infants, including pneumonia, fainting, seizures, breathing cessation and death. Half of infected infants require hospitalization. Pregnancy infection can also harm the fetus and lead to newborn complications.
Transmission occurs primarily through large respiratory droplets, which are typically generated during close, prolonged interactions between individuals, such as those living together or spending extended time indoors. To prevent the spread of pertussis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of medical-grade surgical masks. These masks can effectively block the transmission of respiratory droplets, reducing the risk of passing on the infection to others.
Additionally, wearing a mask can also decrease the likelihood of an individual contracting pertussis, as it provides a physical barrier against the inhalation of infectious droplets.
By adhering to these guidelines and wearing appropriate protective equipment, individuals can help mitigate the spread of pertussis within their communities and protect themselves and their loved ones from this potentially serious illness.
The most effective preventive measure against pertussis infection, transmission and complications is routine vaccination. We continue to recommend to the public that individuals with the following symptoms or exposure should contact their healthcare provider:
Any respiratory illness with a cough that has lasted for more than two weeks, comes in sudden intense bursts where you can’t catch your breath, includes an inspiratory whoop or gasping, has post-cough gagging or vomiting and is worse at night
Any respiratory symptoms that develop after known contact with a person with pertussis should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the spread of the disease.
Known household or other close contact with a person with pertussis requires immediate medical attention. Close contacts may need to receive preventative antibiotics to prevent the development of the disease.
Exposure to pertussis and the high-risk conditions of an age of less than one year or pregnancy necessitate immediate medical evaluation and appropriate preventative measures. Infants and pregnant individuals are at a higher risk for severe complications from pertussis.
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